Automatic Power Restoration: How Backup Generators Start During a Power Outage
When the power goes out, having a reliable backup generator is crucial for maintaining operations. In this article, we will explore how these generators start automatically during a power outage. We will delve into the mechanisms, including A contact relays, Automatic Mains Failure (AMF) systems, and Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS), which make this possible.
How Generators Start Automatically
The process of starting a backup generator is quite straightforward, but it relies on several components working together seamlessly. Typically, the easiest and most common method involves an A contact relay, which is activated when power is available from the energy company. When the power goes out, this relay triggers a series of actions.
Age-Old Relays and AMF Systems
In the earlier days, backup generators were controlled by relays and microprocessor-based controllers. These systems used relays to sense the mains voltage. When the controller no longer detects mains voltage, it initiates the sequence to switch to the backup generator supply. This is where the Automatic Mains Failure (AMF) generator sets come into play. When the voltage is lost, the AMF system takes over and starts the generator automatically.
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is a critical component that ensures the load is switched from the mains supply to the generator supply. ATS is essentially a set of contactors or motor-operated circuit breakers that trigger when the signal from the AMF controller is received. This switching process is seamless and enables the generator to take over immediately after the power outage.
The Backup Generator Sequence
Let’s break down the sequence of events for a backup generator:
No Power: The ATS senses the loss of power, triggering a relay to close a set of contacts. Relay Action: The closed contacts start the generator by closing the circuit. Output Sensing: The ATS then monitors the generator's output voltage. Switching: If the output voltages are within the correct parameters, the ATS switches over to emergency power to supply the load.This entire process is controlled by advanced electronics that make the operation virtually seamless for the user.
Modern Control Systems
Todays control systems, which are far more sophisticated than ever before, often use A contact relays to maintain power to the control circuit. When the grid fails, these relays drop, and a timer allows for a brief period where no power is applied to prevent starting the generator unnecessarily.
Timed Sequence and Transfer Switches
Between 15 to 30 seconds after the grid failure is sensed, the generator typically starts. This delay is built in to avoid starting the generator due to minor dips in power. Once the generator is running and stable, the ATS computes that the generator has enough power. If the grid is down and the generator is running, the transfer switch shifts the load to the generator.
When grid power returns, the process is reversed, and the ATS switches back to the main power supply. This cycle ensures the reliability and safety of the generator system.
In essence, the backup generator starts automatically because it is designed specifically to do so. Modern systems have advanced control mechanisms that ensure efficient and secure operation during power outages.
Conclusion
Understanding how backup generators start automatically during a power outage is crucial, especially for businesses and households that rely on uninterrupted power. The interplay between A contact relays, AMF systems, and ATS ensures that the process is quick and reliable. While the technology may seem complex, the goal is simple: to provide continuous power during outages.