Is There a Person Who Can Build a Computer from Scratch?
Yes, there are individuals who possess the knowledge and skills to build a computer from scratch. These include hobbyists, engineers, and technicians who understand the intricacies of computer hardware and software. Constructing a computer from scratch involves selecting compatible components such as the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage, and power supply, assembling them, and installing an operating system. Various resources, including online tutorials and forums, can guide individuals through this process, making it accessible to anyone willing to learn.
However, the level of 'from scratch' you are considering can vary.
What Level of 'From Scratch' Are You Thinking?
Building a computer from discrete transistors or digital logic chips is possible, but it requires a significant amount of both budget and patience. Doing so with components from the early days of computing (before 1985) is a monumental task due to the unavailability of certain parts. The MOSOnster 6502 provides valuable insight into the challenges you might face and the components required for such a project.
One practical approach involves using digital logic chips, akin to the designs used in the Magic-1, BMOW 1, and D16/M. This results in a modernized version of a 1970s minicomputer, similar to systems from DEC, Data General, or others. If you decide to embark on this path, it might be beneficial to study someone else's design or start with a replica.
An alternative is to use microprocessor-based systems, which can take you back to the late 1970s and early 1980s in terms of technology. Projects like Vince Briel's Replica I serve as a modernized Apple I clone, using a Parallax Propeller MCU for video interfacing and additional components. Other projects, such as MOS Technology KIM-1 kits, emulators for HP calculators, and Raspberry Pi or Arduino-driven front panels for minicomputers like the PDP-8, also fall into this category.
There is a wide range of projects available; the level of effort involved depends on your personal dedication and the tools you are willing to put into the project.