Charging a Higher Watt Device with a Lower Watt Charger: What You Need to Know
It is possible to charge a higher watt device with a lower watt charger, but there are several important factors to consider. Here, wersquo;ll discuss the implications, risks, and guidelines to ensure safe and efficient charging.
Charging Speed and Functionality
When you use a lower watt charger to charge a higher watt device, the charging process will be slower than when using a charger that meets the devicersquo;s maximum power requirements. This is because the charger can only provide its maximum output, which is typically less than the devicersquo;s requirement.
Additionally, if the device is in use while charging, it may consume more power than the charger can provide, leading to a slower battery charge or even battery drainage. This is especially true for devices that are drawing significant power at the moment of charging.
Compatibility and Voltage Polarity
To avoid compatibility issues, ensure that the charger is compatible with the device. Most modern devices and chargers use USB Power Delivery (PD) or similar protocols that allow for power level negotiation. However, make sure that the voltage and polarity of the charger and device match. Voltage polarity is important because it ensures that the power is delivered in the right direction and with the correct configuration (DC to DC or AC to AC).
Safety and Manufacturer Specifications
While it is generally safe to use a lower watt charger, it is crucial to use chargers certified by the device manufacturer to avoid potential risks. Devices like the Apple iPad have advanced safeguards that prevent charging when the power requirements are not met. If the iPad senses that the charger is too weak to maintain a sufficient charging voltage, it will prevent any charging from taking place to avoid damage.
Examples and Best Practices
Some devices, such as laptop computers, have a specified charger wattage (e.g., 45 watts, 80 watts, or 90 watts). However, many of these devices can still charge adequately with lower wattage chargers, albeit more slowly. For example, a 19V 90W charger might still work well with a 45W 19V universal charger. The charging will be significantly slower, and if the laptop is in use, the battery may become slightly discharged during the day, but it will catch up overnight.
Note that pushing a charger to its maximum capacity to power a larger load than it was intended to power can lead to overheating or overloading. However, most modern designs limit current and heat, making it generally safe to do this occasionally. It is, however, not recommended as it can shorten the lifespan of the charger.
In summary, while it is possible to charge a higher watt device with a lower watt charger, you should be aware of the potential drawbacks such as slower charging speeds, device functionality issues, and safety risks. Always prioritize compatibility and use chargers certified by the device manufacturer to ensure safe and optimal performance.