Exploring the Textures in Art: A Comprehensive Guide

When we talk about textures in art, we refer to the surface quality of a work that can be perceived both visually and physically. Understanding and employing different types of textures can significantly enhance the visual and emotional impact of an artwork, guiding the viewer's experience and interpretation.

What Are the Different Kinds of Textures in Art?

1. Actual Texture

Actual texture, also known as tactile texture, refers to the physical quality of a surface that can be felt. Artists create this texture using materials that have a distinct surface, such as:

Impasto: Thick layers of paint applied to create a three-dimensional effect. Collage: Incorporating various materials like fabric, paper, and found objects.

These techniques give the artwork a tangible quality that invites the viewer to interact with it on a physical level.

2. Visual or Simulated Texture

Visual texture or simulated texture is created through techniques that give the illusion of texture without physically altering the surface. This type of texture can be seen but not felt, and it includes:

Brushwork: Different styles of painting strokes can suggest texture, such as smooth or rough. Patterning: Repeated designs can create a sense of texture, like in textiles or wallpapers.

These techniques are used to make the artwork look more complex and detailed.

3. Tactile Texture

Tactile texture refers to how a surface feels and can be experienced through touch. Artists may use different materials to evoke specific tactile sensations. For example, rough textures can be created using rough paintbrushes, while smooth textures can be achieved with a soft brush.

4. Pattern

Patterns can create a sense of texture, even if they are not strictly considered texture in the traditional sense. Repeated elements can give the illusion of depth or surface variation. Patterns are often used in graphic designs and textiles to add visual interest and structure.

5. Natural Texture

Natural texture includes the textures found in nature, such as the roughness of tree bark, the smoothness of water, or the softness of clouds. Artists often replicate these textures in their work to add authenticity and relatability.

6. Artificial Texture

Artificial texture is created using synthetic materials or processes, such as digital art or plastic surfaces that mimic natural textures. These textures are often used in modern art and design to create a futuristic or unconventional look.

7. Contrast in Texture

Using different textures in a single piece can create visual interest and highlight specific areas. For example, juxtaposing a smooth area with a rough one can draw attention to particular parts of the artwork.

Addressing Texture in Art: Physical and Visual Approaches

There are two main ways an artist might address the issue of texture in their artwork: physical and visual. An artwork may rely on either or both to provide interesting elements.

Physical Texture

Physical texture may be provided by using products that actually have physicality, such as:

Varieties of media such as heavy body, light body, and gel mediums. String medium and tar gel. Heavy body acrylic paint.

Well-known brands like Liquitex and Golden are popular, and you can find many others on websites such as Dick Blick and Jerrys Artarama. Type “media” in the search box to find more options.

Additionally, you can create your own texture products by mixing things like sand into paint or glue. You might try pasting fabric or textured paper into your work. One of my favorites is premixed joint compound. Use various tools such as a palette knife or a fork or stiff brush to scrape, incise, or stipple. Try making a series of sample boards using different products and tools.

Visual Texture

The classic way to add texture to a painting or drawing is to create visual texture. Visual texture can be created by various methods of crosshatching or other mark-making techniques, such as:

Stippling and straight line hash marks to indicate a surface like concrete or wood or sand. Wavy closely spaced lines to indicate water.

You might study wood block prints and etchings of famous artists to see the beautiful textures used in their work. An image search of Durer wood block and etchings is highly recommended.

Visual texture is an important skill to master, as it adds a significant level of interest, sophistication, and craftsmanship to your work. It is a powerful tool for enhancing the emotional impact of an artwork.

Conclusion

Understanding and employing different textures can significantly enhance the visual and emotional impact of an artwork, guiding the viewer's experience and interpretation. Whether you focus on actual or visual texture, these techniques can transform your artwork into a more compelling and engaging piece. Experiment with various tools, materials, and techniques to discover what works best for your artistic vision.