Lithium Ion Batteries: Damage from Long-term Complete Discharge
Lithium ion batteries are commonly used in electronic devices due to their high energy density and long lifespan. However, under certain conditions, they can be severely damaged if left in a completely discharged state for extended periods. This article explores the impact of long-term complete discharges on lithium ion batteries and offers potential solutions for recovery, if applicable.
The Impact of Complete Discharge on Lithium Ion Batteries
Let’s consider the common belief that lithium ion batteries are extremely durable and efficient. While they can withstand occasional discharge cycles, prolonged and complete discharges can lead to significant damage. According to various sources, a lithium ion battery that is left completely discharged for an extended period, such as weeks, could become significantly impaired.
In the first paragraph, the source asserts that a complete discharge for short periods, like a few hours or up to 24 hours, is not necessarily terminal. However, it states that the battery's capacity and its life cycle may be irreversibly affected. If the discharge is prolonged, the battery may become non-functional even with attempted recovery methods.
Recovery Methods for Partially Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries
For short-term complete discharges, it might be possible to recover the battery using certain techniques. One method involves slowly recharging the battery at a very low rate to restore some of its capacity. This process is crucial because rapid recharging can cause additional damage.
To recover a completely discharged lithium ion battery, follow these steps:
Use a DC bench power supply to charge the battery at a very low rate, around 10 mA. This should help boost the battery's voltage back to 3V. Once the voltage is restored, continue charging the battery at a very low rate, ideally around 100 mA, until it reaches its normal voltage of 4.2V. Never use a standard charger for this process, as it could cause overheating and further damage.These steps can be successful in some cases, but it's important to note that the battery's performance and lifespan may be significantly reduced. The battery may not return to its original condition and could potentially fail to hold a full charge in the future.
When a Lithium Ion Battery is Beyond Recovery
For complete discharges that have been ongoing for longer periods, the situation is more severe. According to another source, any period of being completely discharged can lead to permanent damage, rendering the battery non-functional. In such cases, the only option is to recycle the battery rather than attempting to recover it.
The reason for this severe damage is that complete discharge over extended periods can cause the internal components of the battery to become inert and worthless. The chemicals within the battery degrade, and the battery loses its ability to function as a power source. This process is irreversible and indicates that the battery has become non-rechargeable and should be disposed of properly.
FAQs on Lithium Ion Battery Maintenance
Q: Can all lithium ion batteries be recovered from complete discharge?
A: No, not all batteries can be recovered. Complete and prolonged discharges often lead to permanent damage that cannot be reversed. It is best to prevent complete discharges by keeping the battery charged.
Q: How do I prevent damage to my batteries?
A: To ensure the longevity of your lithium ion batteries, avoid leaving them fully discharged for extended periods. Regularly monitor the battery's status and try to keep it within an optimal charge range, typically between 20% to 80%.
Q: What are the consequences of frequently discharging a lithium ion battery?
A: Frequent deep discharges can reduce the battery's overall lifespan and capacity. Over time, this can lead to faster depletion and loss of functionality. It is best to use battery management systems that prevent deep discharges.
In conclusion, although lithium ion batteries are designed to be robust, they are not immune to damage from long-term complete discharges. Understanding this and taking preventive measures can help preserve the performance and long-term functionality of your batteries.