Reflections of Plato on the Philosophy of Socrates: Unearthing the True Disciple

When discussing the relationship between Socrates and Plato, it is often framed as 'What did Plato think of the philosophy of Socrates?' However, it is equally intriguing to explore 'What did the aristocratic and younger Plato think of the philosophy of the dead and buried Socrates?'

The Incompleteness of Socratic Writings

As is commonly known, Socrates never wrote a single word of his philosophy. Hence, it is impossible to know exactly what he said about Plato. Scholars can only glean insights through Plato’s dialogues, but these may not capture the entirety of Socrates' views. Furthermore, it is important to note that even when Socrates commended Plato, he did so out of respect for his pupil and not to promote his own ideas.

Misgivings and Theories

Socrates made it clear that, while individuals must disobey unjust laws, they must still submit to legal punishment if caught. This principle led him to accept his death sentence rather than fleeing Athens.

In his early dialogue "Crito," Plato addresses the dilemma faced by Socrates. The text provides a clear rationale for Socrates' refusal of the escape proposition. The philosopher deeply loved Athens and had grown accustomed to the life there. This option underscores Socrates' views on personal responsibility and citizenship.

Socratic Views on Democracy

Some scholars argue that Socrates had reservations about democracy as a form of government, leading them to label him as 'anti-democratic.' However, research reveals that these viewpoints were more characteristic of Plato, who eventually critiqued various forms of government, including democracy.

The Sophistic Passing of the Torch

Socrates was executed, but his influence survived in his protégé Plato. The latter immortalized Socrates' teachings in his dialogues, preserving them for posterity. According to the "Apology," Socrates faced and accepted his death with a serene sense of purpose. He left Athens at dawn with the poise described by Plato in the "Symposium," signaling the end of a revelrous night and the beginning of a new day.

Plato's Devotion to the Ideal

Plato was deeply moved by Socrates' death and became devoted to embodying and propagating his teachings. The image of Socrates as the ideal noble Greek youth became a symbol that Plato admired and sought to emulate. Plato saw in Socrates the true epitome of moral and intellectual excellence, a figure that inspired him to dedicate his life to philosophy.

The Legacy Continues

The legacy of Socrates and his relationship with Plato remains a vital topic in the study of ancient philosophy and literature. Their interactions, as recorded by Plato in his dialogues, offer profound insights into the evolution of philosophical thought in ancient Greece.

Understanding the dynamics between Socrates and Plato enriches our appreciation of their contributions to Western philosophy. While Socrates may not have explicitly discussed his thoughts on Plato, his teachings and philosophy continue to influence scholars and enthusiasts today.