The Historical and Present Tensions Between Finland and Russia

Finland and Russia share a complex historical relationship marked by multiple invasions and conflicts. From the 19th century battles up to the contemporary geopolitical dynamics, the enmity between the two countries has a deep rooted history. Understanding the origins of this tension is crucial to appreciating the current geopolitical situation.

Historical Context: Invasions and Wars

The relationship between Finland and Russia has been shaped by numerous historical invasions and wars. Let's explore some key events that have shaped this relationship:

WWII (1944)

During World War II, Finland faced four Russian invasions. The Soviet Union invaded Finland in 1944, a part of the broader conflict that involved various powers in Europe.

The Winter War (1939-1940)

The Winter War began in November 1939 when the Soviet Union invaded Finland, leading to a protracted struggle between the two nations. This war was a significant point of contention, leading to substantial loss of territory for Finland.

The Continuation War (1941-1944)

Following the Winter War and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Continuation War saw Finland join Germany in attacking the Soviet Union. The conflict ended with the Soviet defeat and the signing of the Moscow Armistice in 1944. Finland lost significant territory but also saw a change in geopolitical status.

Great Northern War (1700-1721)

During the Great Northern War, Russia fought against a coalition of powers led by Sweden, which at the time controlled Finland. Russia's victory led to an increased presence and influence in the region.

Napoleonic Wars (1806-1815)

The Napoleonic Wars had indirect impacts on Finland, with Sweden being a key player in various conflicts. Finland, as part of Sweden, engaged in several battles that were part of these larger conflicts.

Contemporary Tensions and Public Attitudes

Currently, there is a shift in Finnish public opinion regarding Russia. Prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, most Finns were wary of joining NATO. However, following the invasion, public sentiment changed dramatically. By the time the war had continued for a few months, a majority of Finns supported joining NATO as a protective measure.

It's worth noting that the current Russian government has had a significant impact on Finnish attitudes. They have been adept at altering perceptions and fostering a sense of threat and hostility, even if not as pronounced before.

Perceptions and Attitudes

Finns have a strong sense of national identity, which has historically been tested by Russian advances. For instance, the diary of a Finnish fallen soldier during the Winter War expresses a sense of patriotism and fear:

"We have tried our best fighting against that giant USSR. If we lose we can only blame that Finland is too small to endure the attack of that giant with 180 million people." - Sergeant Vin Orpana

This excerpt reflects the Finnish perspective on their struggles against a much larger and more powerful adversary.

Cultural and Linguistic Notes

It's also important to note that while Swedes speak Finnish, there is no mention of Swedish-speaking Karelians or their cultural presence. Finnish and Swedish dialects often have some commonality, but they are separate languages.

Finnish Views on Russian Behavior

The current behavior of the Russian government is viewed unfavorably by Finns. Russia's recent actions, including the invasion of Ukraine, have led to a significant shift in Finnish attitudes. The Finnish government and public now see Russia as a threat rather than a friendly neighbor.

Perception and Trust in International Relations

Finns have always been wary of Russian aggression, reflected in their strong national defense. The idea of regional stability and security continues to be a priority for Finland.

The response from a Finnish general during the Cold War era highlights the cultural and societal values:

"first we would beat out NATO and then the Soviets" - Finnish General

We are civilized people. Work comes before pleasure. - General's Response

This dialogue underscores the importance of national security and the prioritization of cultural values over any sense of immediate satisfaction.

In conclusion, the relationship between Finland and Russia is marked by a long history of conflict and ongoing tensions. Understanding this context is essential for grasping the current geopolitical dynamics and the complex interplay between these two nations.