The Origin of the Term 'Computer Addiction'
Many believe that the term "computer addiction" emerged from a well-documented source, much like the term "drug addiction." However, unlike drug addiction, the concept of computer addiction has a less clear and definable point of origin. It is not attributed to a single organization like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), nor is it credited to a specific individual who first used the term. While the term may have evolved over time, pinpointing the exact origin remains a challenge.
The Evolution of the Concept
On a broader scale, it is more likely that the concept of computer addiction developed gradually as technology advanced and computer usage became more pervasive in society. It emerged as an observation and a reflection of the potential negative impacts of excessive screen time. While it is difficult to attribute the term to a single individual, several researchers, scientists, and early pioneers in the field have contributed to the development and popularization of this concept.
Key Contributors to the Term 'Computer Addiction'
Dr. Ivan S. Goldberg, a psychiatrist, is often mentioned in discussions related to the origins of computer addiction. He explored the impact of psychoactive substances on brain chemistry and behavior, which laid the groundwork for understanding addiction-like behaviors associated with the use of technology. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Dr. Goldberg wrote extensively about the addictive nature of computer use, drawing parallels with substance abuse.
Dr. Ivan S. Goldberg:
“Those who spend more than 35 to 40 hours a week in front of a computer screen have exhibited the same compulsive and repetitive behavior characteristics as those who are drug addicts.”
Charles C. Jay, a pioneer in the field of internet addiction, further developed the concept. His research helped to bring the issue to the forefront of public and professional discourse. Jay, an associate professor at San Diego State University, published a groundbreaking paper in 1999 that defined and outlined the symptoms of internet addiction. This work was influential in solidifying the term and providing a framework for understanding the phenomenon.
Charles C. Jay:
“Internet addiction is a behavioral disorder that results in negative consequences for the individual, which are totaled by the number of hours spent in front of a computer system or online.”
Public Awareness and Popular Culture
The concept of computer addiction gained significant traction in popular culture and media. Books, articles, and television shows began to explore the topic, contributing to increased public awareness. Works such as "Virtual Life: Friendship and Love—Gambling Addictions, and Internet Mishaps" by Howard Kleinbard helped to further define and popularize the term. These works played a crucial role in spreading awareness and stimulating research into the psychological and behavioral aspects of technology addiction.
Howard Kleinbard:
“Just like substance addiction, internet and computer addiction are characterized by the inability to control one’s online behavior, continued usage despite negative consequences, and a preoccupation with online activities.”
Current Research and Debate
Although the term "computer addiction" is well-established and recognized, it still faces significant debate within the scientific community. Critics argue that it lacks a clear diagnostic criterion, making it difficult to define and diagnose accurately. Some researchers prefer alternative terms such as "internet addiction," emphasizing the broader context of online behavior beyond just computer use.
Marshall Eriksen:
“Internet addiction should be viewed as a part of a broader continuum of problematic online behavior rather than as a distinct disorder.”
Conclusion
While the origin of the term "computer addiction" is not definitively known, its emergence can be traced to the work of early pioneers like Dr. Ivan S. Goldberg, Charles C. Jay, and others. The term reflects a growing concern about the psychological and behavioral impacts of excessive technology use. As technology continues to evolve, the debate around the concept of digital addiction will likely persist, with ongoing research aiming to refine and better understand the phenomenon.