Understanding Bandwidth and Performance in Wireless Networks
In today's digital age, high-speed internet is a necessity for everyone. However, as the number of devices connected to a router increases, understanding how bandwidth is distributed becomes crucial. This article aims to demystify the concept of bandwidth allocation and performance in wireless networks.
Bandwidth Allocation and Usage
When multiple devices connect to a router, the available bandwidth is not divided equally amongst them but shared based on their current demands. For example, if a router is rated at 300Mbps (millimeters per second, mbps stands for megabits per second in the context of internet speeds), it means that this is the maximum bandwidth that can be achieved under ideal conditions. In reality, this peak throughput is rarely reached, and the actual throughput varies based on the number of devices and their demands.
Consider a scenario where you have two devices connected to a 300Mbps router. While one device may only require 5Mbps, the other device might be using up to 95Mbps. In such a case, the shared bandwidth between the two devices might be allocated in a way that each device gets a portion of the available bandwidth, flexibly adjusting based on their needs. This means that both devices may not consistently see the full 300Mbps, but they will have access to the appropriate bandwidth as required.
Sharing Bandwidth: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
The method by which devices share bandwidth in a wireless network is through Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). In simpler terms, devices take turns to use the available bandwidth, which is why you might not always see the full advertised speed at any given moment. Each device gets access to the bandwidth when its turn comes, and this is what makes speed tests like Speedtest so useful. A speed test can measure the individual bandwidths that each device experiences during its turn.
Optimizing Network Performance
Understanding how bandwidth is shared can help you optimize your network performance. If you need more consistent throughput, consider the following strategies:
Using a Network Extender
A commonly used solution is a wireless extender, which helps extend the coverage area of your network. However, it is essential to understand that the extender must share available throughput with other devices, potentially slowing down overall performance. For optimal results, consider:
Placing the extender closer to the router to minimize signal loss. Using Ethernet instead of Wi-Fi for the connection between the main router and the extender. Using a second router in bridge mode to create a separate network segment for improved performance.Relocating the Router
Moving the router to a more central and elevated location can significantly enhance coverage and performance. This might require adjusting or relocating the coaxial or Ethernet cables connecting the router. It is also important to be mindful of potential signal blockers within your home, such as metal objects (HVAC ducts, mirrors, metal-backed stucco walls, appliances, and large aquariums). Clearing the line of sight between the router and devices can greatly improve performance.
Conclusion
Understand that while your router might be rated at 300Mbps, the actual speed seen by individual devices varies and is shared based on their current needs. Using techniques such as relocating the router or using Ethernet connections can help optimize network performance. Remember, always use tools like Speedtest to monitor and enhance your network's performance.