Understanding Digital Audio Volume Levels in Media and Broadcasting

When it comes to digital audio in media and broadcasting, the concept of volume levels is crucial. This article aims to dissect the technicalities behind how audio volumes are managed and controlled to ensure consistency and quality across different platforms and media types.

Overview of Digital Audio Standards

While audio is recorded and distributed according to standards, the perception of volume can vary based on the scene or specific piece of content. The overall level of audio is recorded to these standards, which help in maintaining a consistent listening experience.

The core principle is that the playback device, such as a television or streaming platform, controls the volume, not the underlying signal in the media. This practice has its roots in analog days, where the volume control was also managed by the playback device.

Commercial Broadcasting and Audio Standards

Commercial broadcast TV, in particular, follows very specific regulations concerning audio quality and volume levels. The Loudness Units K-Weighted system (Loudness Units Full Scale - LUFS/LKFS) is widely used in the media industry to ensure that audio is broadcasted at a pre-determined level with dialogue serving as the anchor element.

The Role of LUFS in Broadcasting

In North America, the standard for commercial TV broadcasting is typically set to -24LKFS / -2dB relative to the Full Scale (0dB) using a digital Full Scale (dBFs). This standard is important because it ensures that the audio is not too loud, which could be unpleasant for viewers, nor too quiet, which could mask important dialogue.

To monitor and maintain these levels, loudness meters are used. During the broadcast, these meters help ensure that the levels stay within the acceptable range. For example, during the video at 5:00, a loudness meter (such as Orban, a brand used for such purposes) can be seen to indicate that the levels are being monitored rigorously.

Comparing Audio Levels in Film and TV

Additionally, the Loudness Units (LUs) can be applied to various media, such as film and YouTube. During a video comparison at 2:30, a sound map with film and TV is shown, which helps to visualize how the loudness levels vary between different mediums. This comparison highlights the importance of maintaining consistent audio levels, especially when content is distributed across multiple platforms.

Conclusion

Understanding the standards and practices around digital audio volume levels is essential for producers, broadcasters, and media professionals. By adhering to established standards like LUFS/LKFS, the audio experience can be standardized and optimized for viewers, ensuring that the dialogue remains clear and the overall audio quality is of high standards. Whether in television, film, or online content, consistent and controlled audio levels contribute significantly to the overall experience and satisfaction of the audience.