What Do Plumbers Use to Join Pipes: A Comprehensive Guide

When it comes to joining pipes, the method chosen depends on the type of pipe, the application, and the specific requirements of the project. Plumbers have a variety of tools and techniques at their disposal to ensure a secure and leak-free connection. This guide will explore the different methods used for pipe joining and the tools commonly utilized by professionals in both residential and commercial settings.

Common Methods for Joining Pipes: An Overview

There are several methods and tools employed by plumbers to join pipes, each suited to different applications and materials:

1. Threaded Mechanical Couplings

Threaded mechanical couplings are commonly used for joining pipes that have internal threads. These couplings provide a secure connection and are often used with PVC, copper, and iron pipes. Here's how they work:

Prep the threads of the pipes and the coupling by cleaning and ensuring they are in good condition. Tighten the coupling by hand until snug. Use an appropriate tool to tighten further if necessary.

2. Soldering

Soldering is a method of joining metal pipes, primarily copper, by heating the pipes and applying a filler metal (solder) to form a joint. This technique is used when heating is permissible and desired:

Prepare the pipes for soldering by cleaning and applying a flux. Heat the pipes and apply the solder, ensuring the joint is fully sealed and leak-free. Allow the joint to cool and verify the seal.

3. Compression Fittings

Compression fittings are a popular choice for joining plastic pipes, such as PEX and CPVC. They are quick and easy to install and provide a secure, leak-free connection. Here's how they work:

Tighten the compression fitting over the end of the pipe. Rotate the sleeve to compress the pipe, ensuring a watertight seal. Repeat for each connection as needed.

4. Flare Fittings

Flare fittings are used to join copper, brass, and aluminum pipes. They provide a strong and secure connection, typically used in applications requiring a tight seal:

The pipe is threaded and tinned at one end. A fitting with a flare ferrule is placed over the pipe. Compress the flare ferrule to lock it into place and provide a secure seal.

5. Hydraulic Crimp Fittings

Hydraulic crimp fittings are used in commercial and industrial plumbing to join copper tubing. Since the use of heat is prohibited in some buildings, such as in central London, plumbers rely on crimping to achieve a secure connection:

Insert the copper tubing into the crimp fitting. Use a crimping tool to compress the fitting, ensuring a tight seal. Verify the seal and the secure fit.

6. Push-fit Connectors

Push-fit connectors are used for joining plastic pipes, particularly in quick-installation applications. They are easy to use and install:

Place the push-fit connector over the end of the pipe. Push the connector onto the pipe until it locks into place. Verify the secure connection and watertight seal.

7. Bell and Socket Joints

Bell and socket joints are used for joining pipes made of plastic materials, such as PVC. They provide a strong, watertight connection:

Press the bell end of the pipe over the socket. Vary the pressure to ensure the bell and socket fit tightly. Verify the secure and watertight connection.

Conclusion

When selecting the right method for joining pipes, it is crucial to consider the type of pipe, the application, and the specific requirements of the project. Plumbers have a wide range of tools and techniques at their disposal, from mechanical couplings and soldering to compression fittings and hydraulic crimping. By understanding these methods and choosing the appropriate technique, plumbers can ensure a secure and reliable connection, ultimately leading to a well-functioning plumbing system.