Why Do Keyboards Have 12 Function Keys? The History and Purpose Behind the Standardization
Function keys (F1, F2, F3, etc.) are a set of predefined shortcuts on keyboards that provide access to various commands and operations. Each of these keys serves a specific function, helping users to streamline tasks and improve productivity in both traditional and modern computing environments. This article explores the history and design rationale behind these function keys, their evolution from early computing systems to current devices, and the significance of having 12 keys as opposed to 8 or 16.
The Design and Function of Function Keys
Function keys are intended to activate specific, well-defined actions or functions within a system, often allowing users to perform tasks more quickly and efficiently. For instance, in early DOS systems, F1 was typically assigned to “Help”, while F10 was used for “Save”. Users could also program other keys based on their specific needs.
The Role of Function Keys in Different Operating Systems
Linux systems offer a more customizable approach to function keys, as demonstrated in the key binding [Ctrl] [Shift] [F1]. When you press this combination, it displays the first console screen, which is part of the system's seven available screens. This flexible and customizable nature of function keys in Linux and other operating systems highlights their importance in adapting to various user needs.
The Historical Context of Function Keys
The concept of function keys originates from the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) key mapping system. Key presses on a keyboard can be modified by Shift, `Esc`, or Ctrl, which alters the ASCII code generated by the key press. Function keys were embedded with specific machine functions that were part of the underlying operating system code. This historical context provides insight into why these keys were designed as they are.
The 1970s and Early Function Keys in Mainframe Computing
During the 1970s, CRT terminals directly connected to mainframe computers were becoming prevalent. These terminals were designed for line workers in various business settings, easing the transition from full-time keypunch operators. Some specialized terminals were built with pre-determined function keys, often embossed with a specific label. However, to cater to the diverse needs of different tasks, the original terminals featured 12 PF (Programmed Function) keys. This number fit naturally into the standard typewriter keyboard layout, making it optimal for both functionality and user accessibility.
The Evolution of Function Keys in Personal Computers
As personal computers emerged, the need for more programmable function keys became apparent. To accommodate this, the ALT and CTRL keys were introduced, combining with the standard typewriter keys to create a more flexible set of function keys. This allowed users to program additional functions and customize their keyboard shortcuts according to their specific requirements and workflows. The standardization of 12 function keys has remained largely intact,although the flexibility of modern operating systems has expanded their utility far beyond their original purpose.
Conclusion: The Significance of 12 Function Keys
The dual rationale for having 12 function keys on a keyboard — both historical and functional — underscores their importance in modern computing. From their origins in mainframe computers to their role in contemporary personal devices, these keys have evolved to serve a wide range of user needs. Whether in DOS, Linux, or personal computing, the presence of 12 function keys ensures a standardized set of shortcuts that can be tailored to a variety of tasks, enhancing both efficiency and user experience.